Morbidity and mortality of the population of the far east from malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity (2013-2022).

The constant increase in the number of patients with cancer pathology determines the expediency of a multidimensional approach to the analysis of epidemiological features of malignant neoplasms in certain territories of the Russian Federation. Purpose: to assess the territorial peculiarities of the main morbidity and mortality rates in malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity in residents of the eastern regions of the Russian Federation (2013-2022). The data on morbidity and mortality, reporting forms of statistical accounting of oncological patients and regulatory documents of higher organizations, information on observations of the dynamics of changes in the numerical values of the indicators of the pathology under study were used in the work. In the eastern regions of Russia in 2022 524 new cases of malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity were registered: of them tongue cancer 164, cancer of the major salivary glands 84 and tumors of other and «unspecified» parts 276. The statistical mean incidence rate (both sexes) per 100 000 population for tongue cancer was 1,57 ± 0,14о/оооо (2020 – 1,54 ± 0,15о/оооо), for cancer of the major salivary glands – 0,71 ± 0,03 о/оооо (2020 – 0,71 ± 0,03о/оооо), and for other and «unspecified» parts of the oral cavity 2,3 ± 0,06о/оооо (2020 – 2,22 ± 0,07о/оооо). The specific weight of the number of patients detected actively – 17,35 ± 1,67% (2013 – 6,16 ± 0,61%) does not give an opportunity to improve the prognosis and quality of life of 65,3% of patients with visual localizations of oral cancer, which belong to stages III-IV of the disease. The number of patients with stages I-II of the tumor process decreased – 34,5% (2020 – 39,5%) with a dynamic increase in the contingent accumulation index – 5,3 (2013 – 3,7). The number of morphologic studies (98,6%) practically did not differ from th  Russian average (98,9%), while the proportion of patients registered for 5 or more years was lower – 51,1% (RF-52,6%). The average value of the statistical indicator of mortality in men amounted to 7,69 ± 0,16 о/оооо (2020 – 7,93 ± 0,13о/оооо) per 100 000 population, which exceeded the same indicator in women – 1,9 ± 0,09о/оооо (2020 – 1,8 ± 0,09о/оооо). Insufficiently active detection of visual localizations of the disease did not allow to significantly change the incidence rates in the studied time period. Improving the quality of preventive measures will enable primary health care to detect early forms of oral cancer with the   formation of «cancer risk» groups for further monitoring of background and precancerous conditions in the population of the region, which will, in turn, reduce mortality rates. Primary health care should be constantly provided with medical personnel with special training in the section «Oncology».

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