The role of classical risk factors and psychoemotional disorders in the development of cardiovascular diseases in working-age individuals

The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of risk factors (RFs) for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among working-age individuals attending an urban outpatient clinic.

Material and Methods. A survey and analysis of 100 medical records of patients aged 18 to 70 years were conducted, including evaluation of anamnestic data, anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, lipid profile, blood glucose levels, other significant RFs, and psychological status influencing the onset, progression, and prognosis of CVDs.

Results. Five percent of examined individuals had no RFs, 17% had one RF, and 78% had two or more RFs. The study revealed high prevalence rates of hypodynamia (77%), excess weight (61%), dyslipidemia (57%), arterial hypertension (51%), alcohol consumption (49%), smoking (45%), and hereditary predisposition (28%). The prevalence of RFs and their combinations significantly increased with age, reaching 49% in individuals over 51 years compared to 2% and 12% in younger and middleaged groups, respectively. In the male population, higher prevalence was observed for excess body weight (62%), hypodynamia (60%), alcohol consumption (58%), hypercholesterolemia (54%), and smoking (54%). Among women, hypercholesterolemia (66%), hypodynamia (64%), arterial hypertension (64%), and excess body weight (52%) were predominant. Combinations of RFs were more prevalent in men (47%) than in women (31%). Psychoemotional factors (stress, anxiety, depression, chronic fatigue) played a significant role in CVD development, present in 82% of cases. Higher stress levels were noted in males (45%) compared to females (37%).

Conclusion. The analysis highlights the necessity of a comprehensive approach to assessing and correcting RFs, incorporating both medical and psychosocial interventions to preserve and strengthen cardiovascular health in the working-age population.

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